Receiver for wireless telegraphy.



E. WEINTRAUB.

I RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION rum) JULYM, 190a. RENEWED SEPT. 2, 1911.

Patented Nov. 3, 1914,

Witnesses. l t, v

Ezeohiel Weintraub.

|-|is Attorney I ma ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EZECJHIEL WEINTBAUB, OF SCHENECTADYKNI BW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL l ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

. r p I J r Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed J111y'24, 1905, Serial No. 270.943; Renewed September Patented Nov. 3, 1914..- e, 1911. swarm. 647,436.

. To all whom it may concern Be it known that LEzncnmn WEINTRAUB, a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State and useful Improvements inlieceivers for Wireless Tele raphy, of which thefollowing is a specification.

I have discovered means whereby electric oscillations of high frequency, such for 7 example as the electromagnetic waves employed in transmitting intelligence by meansof wireless telegraphy, maybe rectified or converted intov unidirectional impulses. These unidirectional impulses I transmit to a sensitive mirror galvanometer, 'or similar device, andthrough the deflections thereby obtained in the instrument I am able to receive messages transmitted Waves or oscillations. Myinv'ention is not in all respects. limited to the articular manner of utilization above briefl; set forth, but is capable of more extended use. The featuresof novelty of the inventionl havepointed out with particularity in the appended claims.

The invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing which, in a diagrammatic manner, forms a representation of a system embodying my invention. t

In the drawings, the receiving line, or aerial conductor, is indicated at 1 and is shown as connected. to ground at G. The

oscillations which traverse this conductor I cause to pass through the primary winding 2 of a transformer, the secondary of which is indicated at 3. ,The transformer in the present instance is shown as a ste -up transformer by which the potential of. the

impulses generated. in the secondary windndent upon;

ing is raised to a degree d the ratio oftransformation c en.

The impulses or oscillations which thusappear in the secondary winding 3, bein a ternating in character, may, I have foun be rectified or converted into'unidirectional vented by me. Such a reeti er may assume [any one. of a large; variety of forms. For illustration, I have therefore chosen, but .one of. the many suitable arrangements 5 which might be used. v

of New York, have invented certain new through the medium of ,electromagnetic' aerial conductor impulses by means of a va or; rectifier inv proper will beseen to consist of a highly emcuated receptacle 4 of glass or other suitable material; This receptacle is sha ed with two pockets 5 and 6 which are led with mercury. These two pockets ofnier cury constitute electrodes to which elee-Q trical connection is effected by means of, suitable leadingdn wires 7 and8. The en velop or container of the rectifieris also provided with outwardly extending arms or chambers 9, and 10,. in each of whichi s locatedone of a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 of artificial graphite or the like. Electrical connections to these electrodes are likewise made in theordinary manner by means of leading-in conductors 13 and 14. y

In connecting up the apparatus in circuit the electrodes '11] and 12 are connected with" the terminals of the transformer secondaries. 3. The mercury electrode 5 is connected a circuit leadingjto the middle point 15 of the transformer secondary Of the elec f trodes mentioned thosej numbered 11 and 12 operate asCpositive electrodes or anodes. and the electro e 5 as the negative'electrodepri cathode. The impulses "received frouithe are of suchsmall magni-.. tude that of themselves sufficient, at least ordinarily, to maintain self-sustaining arcs inthe rectifier 4;. More 5 over, for the these impulses would necessarily be discon tinuous, and thus, no matter what their mag nitude, would therefore be incapable of maintaining a constantflow of current in the rectifier. Therefore in orderto kee' the rectifier at all times alive and in c0nd1-' tion for rectifying impulses received from theaerial, I provide means for-keeping the cathode or negative electrode 5 constantly "in an excit'ed condition, and this]: do by maii taining a small arc betweemthe' cathode 5 a'nd the auxiliary electrodefi. Thisresult is E jaccomplished by means of current from some "separate source such as a slam e battery 16 1 connected as shown between trodes.

purpjosej of transmitting Signals p t e -two'elec An are between the electrodes started by tilting or shaking the'apparatufs'so,

as to cause a momentaryiengagenient between the two bodies of mercury, uporrthebreakin g of which engagement an arctis tipping-which continues indefinitely and continuously ipli izes the space in the rectifier. The direction of current is chosen from the electrode 6 to pending applications filed by the electrode 5 so that the electrode 5 is a cathode. When the electrode 5 is thus excited the impulses of so as to produce unidirectional waves in the circuit between the electrode 5 and the point 15. Thus a current wave of one direction will produce afiow of current from the secondary 3, to the anode 11 through the rectifier, and then through th the electrode 5 and the point 15, While waves of the opposite direction take the path from the opposite side of the secondary 3 to the anode l2, thence through'the rectifier to the electrode 5, and then in the same direction as the other wave, through the circuit to the point 15. It will thus be seen that whichever the direction of current generated in the transformer secondary, the resulting ,waves flow in the same direction in the circuit between the electrode 5 and the point 15 of the transformer.

Now in order to make evident the existence of the electromagnetic waves or oscillations I. connect in the circuit between the cathode 5 and the point 15 of the transformer a device which is sensitive to exceedingly minute currents. Such a device may consist o a delicate reflecting galvanometer of any type well understood in the art. Such a galvanometer I have indicated conventionally at 17. This galvanometer may of course be provided as usual in such instruments with suitable damping means to prevent undue oscillation of the movable member thereof and thus enable it in quick succession to receive successive signals.

I dovnot herein lay claim broadly to the rectifier herein disclosed nor to the particular means whereby both half waves of the alternating current are rectified, since these features, as well as others, are disclosed in Serial No. 127,834, filed Uct'18th, 1902; Serial No. 149,081, filed Mar. 23, 1903; and Serial No. 149,084, filed Mar. 23, 1903. What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is, 1. In a wireless telegraph system, the combination of an aerial or'receiving conductor, a rectifier with a constantly excited cathode for changing waves of both polarities received thereby into uni-directional wavesor impulses, and a device arranged to be subjected to said uni-directional impulses. 2. In a wireless telegraph system, means for rectifying electromagnetic waves of both polarities, a circuit traversed in the same direction by the. resulting unidirectional waves, and means for rendering apthe secondary 3 are rectifiede circuit between v f changing waves of. both me. I refer. to.

rac ea parent the existence of said uni-directional waves. r

3. The combination of receiving means for electromagnetic waves, a vapor electric rectifier for converting waves of both polarities into unidirectional impulses, dicating device having a circuit traversed in the same direction by said impulses.

t The combinationof an aerial conductor, a rectifier for producing uni-directional impulses corresponding over said aerial conductor,

said rectifier utilizing both polarities of said waves, a circuit traversed in the same direction by the rectified waves, and means in said circuit responsiveto the rectified waves.

5. The combination of an aerial conductor, a rectifier for producing uni-directional impulses corresponding to Waves received over said conductor, said rectifier utilizing both polarities of said waves, a circuit trav- 80 ersed in the same direction by the rectified waves, and agalvanometer in said circuit.

6. In a wireless telegraph system, the combination of an aerial conductor, a rectifier with a constantly excited cathode for 85 polarities received through. said conductor into uni-directional waves or impulses, and means responsive to said uni-directional impulses.

7. In .a wireless telegraph system, combination of an aerial conductor, a vapor rectifier connected to said conductor to be traversed by waves from said conductor, means for ionizing the space in said rectiher and means connected to said rectifier to 95 respond to waves traversing said rectifier from said conductor.

' 8.. A receiving means for electromagnetic signal waves of high frequency, comprising a receiving conductor, vice having an anode and a cathode connected in operative relation to said conductor, means for constantly maintaining a sustaining arc in said device, and means for utilizing the rectified impulses for the indi- 105 cation of signals.

9. A receiving system for radio-telegraphy comprising a receiving conductor, a mercury vapor rectifier maintained in an ionized state, operatively connected to said 110 conductor and means for detecting rectified current impulses.

,my handthis 22nd day of July, 1905.

EZEGIIIEL "WEINTRAUB; lllfitnesses:

Bnnmarrn B. HULL, IL. Mar Wmrrannn.

and an into Waves received the a mercury vapor de- 

